Méthodologie de la Programmation
Notes de cours - Séance V

Setters et getters

class Animal(object):

    def __init__(self, name, age) :
        self.name = name 
        self.age = age
        
    def get_name(self):
        return self.name
    
    def get_age(self):
        return self.age  
    
    def set_age(self, new_age):
        self.age = new_age
    
    def set_name(self, new_name):
        self.name = new_name

Getters et setters avec avec les décorateurs

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.__name = name
        self.__age = age
        
    def __str__(self):
        return "animal: " +  str(self.__name) + ":" + str(self.__age)

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self.__name

    @property
    def age(self):
        return self.__age
    
    @property
    def nimp(self):
        return self.__age * 10

    @name.setter
    def name(self, name):
        self.__name = name

    @age.setter
    def age(self, age):
        self.__age = age

animal = Animal("foo", 42)
animal.name = "bar"

print(animal.nimp)
# 420
print(animal.name)
# bar

Héritage

# On hérite de la classe Animal
class Humain(Animal):
    # Override du constructeur de Animal
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        Animal.__init__(self, name, age)
        self._amis = []

    @property
    def amis(self):
        return self._amis

    @amis.setter
    def amis(self, ami):
        if ami not in self._amis:
            self._amis.append(ami)

    # Implémentation de nouvelles méthodes
    def difference_age(self, other):
        diff = abs(self.age - other.age)
        print(diff, " années de différence")
    
    def speak(self):
        print("hello word !")

a = Humain("test", 42)

a.speak()
# hello world !
a.amis = "foo"
print(a.amis)
# ['foo']
print(a.age)
# 42
a.age = 12
print(a.age)
# 12

super()

class Humain(Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        # Appelle le constructeur de Animal
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self._amis = []

Héritage multiple

class GroundVehicle(object):
    def drive(self):
        print("Drive !")

class FlyingVehicle(object):
    def fly(self):
         print("Fly !")

class FlyingCar(GroundVehicle, FlyingVehicle):
    pass

fc = FlyingCar()

fc.drive()
# Drive !
fc.fly()
# Fly !